Return Codes
ACH return codes (R-codes) are defined by Nacha and returned by the receiving bank when a transaction cannot be processed. Returns are typically received within 2 business days, though unauthorized return codes (R05, R07, R10, R11, R29) may arrive up to 60 days after settlement.
NSF returns (R01): The transaction may be retried up to two times within 30 days of the original authorization date. Unauthorized returns (R05, R07, R10, R11, R29) must not be retried.
Return rate thresholds (industry benchmarks): Exceeding these may trigger enhanced monitoring, reserve requirements, transaction caps, or program suspension.
- Unauthorized return rate: below 0.5%
- Overall return rate: below 15%
- Administrative return rate monitored for trends
| Code | Description | Category |
|---|---|---|
| R01 | Insufficient Funds | NSF |
| R02 | Account Closed | Administrative |
| R03 | No Account / Unable to Locate Account | Administrative |
| R04 | Invalid Account Number | Administrative |
| R05 | Unauthorized Debit to Consumer Account | Unauthorized |
| R06 | Returned per ODFI's Request | Administrative |
| R07 | Authorization Revoked by Customer | Unauthorized |
| R08 | Payment Stopped / Stop Payment on Item | Administrative |
| R09 | Uncollected Funds | Administrative |
| R10 | Customer Advises Not Authorized | Unauthorized |
| R11 | Entry Not in Accordance with Authorization Terms | Unauthorized |
| R12 | Branch Sold to Another DFI | Administrative |
| R13 | Invalid ACH Routing Number | Administrative |
| R14 | Representative Payee Deceased or Unable to Continue | Administrative |
| R15 | Beneficiary or Account Holder Deceased | Administrative |
| R16 | Account Frozen | Administrative |
| R17 | File Record Edit Criteria | Administrative |
| R20 | Non-Transaction Account | Administrative |
| R21 | Invalid Company Identification | Administrative |
| R22 | Invalid Individual ID Number | Administrative |
| R23 | Credit Entry Refused by Receiver | Administrative |
| R24 | Duplicate Entry | Administrative |
| R28 | Routing Number or Check Digit Error | Administrative |
| R29 | Corporate Customer Advises Not Authorized | Unauthorized |
| R31 | Permissible Return Entry | Administrative |
| R33 | Return of XCK Entry | Administrative |
| R38 | Stop Payment on Source Document | Administrative |
Updated 2 days ago